Epicurus And John Stuart Mill - 967 Words

In part one of our book, â€Å"The Good Life,† we studied five different philosopher’s viewpoints on what is needed in order for a person to have a good, fulfilling life. They all included the concepts of pleasure and happiness to some extent in their theories, but they all approached the ideas in different ways. The two hedonists we studied, Epicurus and John Stuart Mill, place heavy emphasis on the importance of pleasure. They both believe that pleasure is a necessity in the ideal life. Jean Kazez agreed with their viewpoints in her theory and said that happiness was a necessity for a good life. Epicurus and Mill also argue that there is nothing else that we ultimately desire beyond pleasure and that it is an intrinsic good. According to hedonism, pleasure is the most important good and the ultimate goal in life. Epicurus states that pleasure is in intrinsic good. Mill agrees with him, but along with Kazez, says that happiness is also an elemental good. In Epi curus’ theory, he defines pleasure as the absence of pain. Mill also uses this definition, but applies it to happiness as well. Therefore, we can agree on a definition for the two terms that makes sense: happiness and pleasure are both the absence of pain. According to Mill, happiness and pleasure are correlated. He says that happiness is the existence of pleasure. This is what drives all of our actions and desires. We desire things because it will bring us pleasure in some way and we avoid things becauseShow MoreRelatedHappiness And Happiness1736 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant miniscule differences in them that separates them from each other but overall share the same concept of happiness. Key words:Utilitarianism, Modern utilitarianism, Classical Utilitarianism, Act/Rule utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill Utilitarianism The Utilitarianism philosophy’s concept is mainly characterized by two elements: happiness and consequentialism. According to the utilitarian philosophy, utilitarian happiness is most desired by humans and everythingRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism1642 Words   |  7 Pageswide range of interpretations, as well as having no clear meaning. John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher, based his controversial sentiments of happiness on Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, believing that goods are the means to greatest happiness for the greatest number of peoples. Epicurus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, who similarly encouraged people to follow his pleasure based philosophy to obtain happiness. Unlike Mill, Epicurus’ philosophy is based on individualistic hedonism, which often mayRead MoreUtilitarianism, And Principle Of Utility1319 Words   |  6 Pagesappetites and, when once made conscious of them, do not regard anything as happiness which does not include t heir gratification.† (Mill, 332) There have been many philosophers who have taking up the topic of utilitarianism, but one that defines the quality of pleasures along with defining that there are actions behind picking those pleasures would be John Stuart Mill. Mill in his years of talking and discussing utilitarianism disagreed and agreed with philosophers and had a model. In this essay theRead MoreThe Theories Of Pleasure And Ethics1544 Words   |  7 PagesHuman beings can be pleasured in many different ways such as mentally or sexually. Everyone has different but shared values of ethics and how happiness is needed to fuel morality itself. Some interesting gentlemen such, Friedrich Nietzsche and John Stuart Mills were important influential philosophers from the early 19th century. I’ll be comparing both philosophers’ theories of pleasure and ethics. Also, I’m going to focusing on the major similarities and differences they individually perceive on bothRead MoreHedonism : Utilitarianism And Ancient Hedonism1255 Words   |  6 Pages(Rule). There are two major philosophers who developed and explained these two types of utilitarianism. They had different views on happiness and what happiness requires. John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher explained rule-utilitarianism. Mill explained how he believes that pleasure can vary in quantity as well as quality. For Mill there are high pleasures and low pleasures. Low pleasures may be all those temporary pleasures, the ones that are inferior; in the other hand, high pleasures are the onesRead MoreUtilitarianism, Or The Greatest Happiness Principle1407 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of what Utilitarianism is can be gained by John Stuart Mill’s characterization of what it is not. He states, â€Å"I believe that the very imperfect notion ordinarily formed of its meaning, is the chief obstacle which impedes its reception; and that could it be cleared, even from only the grosser misconceptions, the question would be greatly simplified, and a large proportion of its di fficulties removed† (Mill, 2007, p. 4). In defining Utilitarianism, Mill dispels common misconceptions that are heldRead More »Explain Why Mill Distinguishes Between Higher and Lower Pleasures and Assess Whether He Achieves His Aim or Not. «1501 Words   |  7 PagesPY1101 Ethical Theory  »Explain why Mill distinguishes between higher and lower pleasures and assess whether he achieves his aim or not. « March 2005, St Andrews In his Essay Utilitarianism Mill elaborates on Utilitarianism as a moral theory and responds to misconceptions about it. Utilitarianism, in Mills words, is the view that  »actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. «1 In that way, Utilitarianism offers anRead MoreUtilitarianism, by John Stuart Mill Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesExplain why Mill distinguishes between higher and lower pleasures and assess whether he achieves his aim or not. In his essay, Utilitarianism Mill elaborates on Utilitarianism as a moral theory and responds to misconceptions about it. Utilitarianism, in Mill’s words, is the view that  »actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. «1 In that way, Utilitarianism offers an answer to the fundamental question Ethics is concernedRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Greatest Happiness Principle1574 Words   |  7 Pagesand could be traced all the way back to the Epicureanism of the followers of the Greek philosopher, Epicurus (Mastin 2008). However, it wasn’t until the 19th century when utilitarianism began to gain its popularity and became fully developed and articulated. This is also around the time that utilitarianism began to separate into two separate branches, Rule Utilitarianism and Act Utilitarianism. John Gay (1699-1745) and Richard Cumberland (1631-1718) are a couple of gentlemen who are known for beingRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism1553 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Stuart Mill begins the explanation of his version of Utilitarianism by replying to common misconceptions that people hold regarding the theory, and as a result describes his own theory more clearly. The main issue that Mill raises is that people misinterpret the word â€Å"utility† as in opposition to â€Å"pleasure†. However, utility is actually defined as pleasure itself and also the absence of pain. â€Å"Those who know anything about the matter, from Epicurus to Bentham, who maintained the theory of utility

Women Of The American Civil War - 1499 Words

In Mothers of Invention, Drew Gilpin Faust has written a wonderful history of the â€Å"Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War†. This informative study allows the reader to get a look into the life of privileged white women of the south. Faust uses diaries, political documents, newspapers and personal letters, to give the reader to experience things through the eyes and in the words of the women themselves. Faust presents a number of southern women whose lives were changed by the societal upheavals caused by the civil war. The book, proficiently explains how the civil War influenced and changed the advantaged and cultured women of the slave holding south. It is successful at examining how gender and race deteriorated and then altered from the beginning through the end of the military operation. The introduction leading into chapter one depicts the platform for which these women experienced before the war and leads the reader through the unavoidable changes that occurred out of necessity. Foust frameworks their relationships in society before the firing at Fort Sumter and rationalizes that from the very beginning, many women realize that their lives would be forever transformed. A major theme initiated in chapter one and successively intertwined throughout the book, is that of social differences between the women of the north from that of the south and how it correlated to their responses to the war. Most Affluent women of the south defined themselves inShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The American Civil War1369 Words   |  6 Pages Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War provides a look into the rarely discussed topic of women in the South during the time of the Civil War. While other authors consider the implications of slavery or military tactics from the viewpoint of men, Faust offers a refreshing take on these subjects along with others to construct a narrative that examines the role of women from a gender and class standpoint. Additionally, Faust suggests that women’s roles withinRead MoreWomen Of The American Civil War1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was a time of great trial and tribulation for the American people. It forced individuals to choose a cause, and many families were torn asunder as they chose opposing sides. As the men marched off to war a small group of women prepared to wage a different kind of warfare. These women became an overlooked but deadly force using espionage and womanly wiles to gather military intelligence for the ir cause. They used whatever means they had at their disposal to enter into the confidenceRead MoreThe Contributions Of Women In The American Civil War .1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Contributions of Women in the American Civil War The Civil War was a divisive time in American history that tore the country in half for five long years (1861-1865). After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern states seceded from the north and formed the Confederate States of America because they saw their way of life being threatened. They wanted to fight for their right to have slaves and for states to have more power. The North (Union) fought because secession wasn t an option andRead MoreAmerican Women During The Civil War914 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the Civil War, the Republicans had views that the defeat of the rebels and destruction of slavery were sufficient to guarantee prosperity for everyone. The traumatic events throughout the Civil War only intensified the desire among a growing group of American women to participate fully in the nation s political life. They were striving for a sense of agency in the United States not only as a collective whole, but also as individuals. Agency refers to the idea that each i ndividual in a cultureRead MoreWomen Spies in the American Civil War2015 Words   |  9 Pagesmillion deaths the most gruesome war in American history drove citizens to action. The suffering during this era was so great many were inspired by nationalism to act. For those who were unable to join the fight upon the battlefield, espionage represented a chance for personal involvement. Although it is believed that many agents never sought recognition for their service, especially Confederate scouts, documentation depicts the espionage present during the American Civil War to be surprisingly sophisticatedRead MoreMothers Of Invention : Women Of The American Civil War1265 Words   |  6 PagesInvention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War is a work by Drew Gilpin Faust, a renowned American historian and current President of Harvard University. Published in 1996 by the University of North Carolina Press in Chapel Hill, this is one of the several literary works by Fa ust describing history of the Civil War and of the American South. This nonfiction book includes 257 pages detailing the struggles and labors of the women on the Southern home front during the American CivilRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreAfrican Americans And Women During The Civil War Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesAs of the mid-19th century and on was when African Americans and women were beginning to gain somewhat equal rights or were still disputing them. It is also well know that both have suffered in vastly different manners, but in some cases are very similar in certain struggles. African American men and women had to survive the terrors of the Ku Klux Klan in the southern states, managing life with the Black Code looming over their every move. They were basically fighting for something that a lot ofRead MoreWomen Demand Democracy : The American Civil War1157 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Women Demand Democracy The American Civil War was fought for freedom. However, even after the war, the concept of freedom was not universally understood. Freedom remained limited for certain individuals depending on their race, gender, and different class systems. The war especially had a great impact on the country’s social and political aspects of the entire population, particularly women. Essentially, it gave women the momentum to fight for their rights. Years before the civil war, womenRead MoreLittle Women During The American Civil War1348 Words   |  6 Pagesvery closed. A change within a family unit has an effect on the family’s dynamic and how the family members interact with each other. American culture reflects this in the belief that families are changed either positively or negatively by major emotional events. The family unit can be described in many different ways. Sometimes the family unit, like in Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, consists of everyone that is blood related. The family unit can also extend past genetic barriers and represent

Essay Outline free essay sample

With regards to the above definition of globalization, the general implication is that globalization solely benefits private sectors entities, where as it can be seen detrimental to vulnerable societies. I disagree with this definition to a certain extent, globalization as an inevitable natural phenomenon has a positive effect on global trade, integration, though multinational corporations and First world countries are usually the beneficiaries. The Essay will focus on the different factors Globalization has an influence on, culturally, financially and politically. The essay will look at and cover different advantages and disadvantages of each factor specifically and each paragraph will be grouped to one factor exclusively, the essay will be widely cited. Main Body Paragraph One Topic sentence: Culture aspect of globalisation When looking at culture, the paragraph will primarily try to split culture into pro and cons while also taking into account the stance taken on the essay, and will look to provide further supporting evidence to support the position taken. Advantages When looking at the impact technology has had on globe with relation to globalisation, we look at accelerated integration, through the development of fibre optics, the internet and mobile technology, this has spawned the spread of people’s ideas and trade, this will continue to offer enormous potential for poverty as discussed by (Ian Goldin, 2012). This statement is closely linked to the one prior, â€Å"acceleration in the degree and intensity of the connections among different Cultures and different regions. This is mainly due to advances in telecommunication† as stated by ( Doku, P. N. , Oppong Asante, K. 2011). Disadvantages One of the main concerns of globalisation and referred to as the downside of globalization is the increase of inequality between and within countries. (Ian Goldin, 2012) The idea that human lives are increasingly being challenged and integrated into a large global network. ( Doku, P. N. , Oppong Asante, K. 2011) Globalization has had an alarming effect on youth, families, and cultural systems worldwide. Many social systems are contaminated by the need to borrow values, morals, skills, and competencies from the next regions or nations. ( Doku, P. N. , Oppong Asante, K. 2011) Supporting evidence I refer back to my essay stance made and use ( Doku, P. N. , Oppong Asante, K. 2011) as supporting evidence ,referring to the report â€Å"Many discussions of have focused mainly on economics and politics. Others, thus in many ways, see business as the primary engine driving globalization, but it would be a mistake to conclude that the implications of globalization will be limited primarily to the commercial and political arena†. Direct quotations â€Å"Globalisation lies at the heart of modern culture; cultural practices lie at the heat of globalisation† (John Tomlinson 1999, pg. 1) Paragraph Two Topic sentence: Financial aspect of globalization With regards to the financial aspect of Globalisation, the paragraph will simply group advantages and disadvantages Advantages There are various different economic advantages of globalisation, opportunities are created through open markets , businesses can communicate more efficiently and more effectively with their partners, suppliers, and customers and manage better their supplies, inventories, and distribution network. (Panos Mourdoukoutas, 2011) Disadvantages There are various different economic disadvantages of globalisation, such as new risks and uncertainties brought about by the high degree of integration of domestic and local markets, intensification of competition, high degree of imitation, price and profit swings, and business and product destruction as the report suggested (Panos Mourdoukoutas, 2011). Direct Quotations â€Å"Many US corporations are taking advantage of low labour costs in other countries to cut costs and some executives insist, ensure their companies’ very survival†. (Phillips-Donaldson 2011, pg. 6) Paragraph Three Topic sentence: Political aspect of globalisation With regards to the political aspect of Globalisation, the paragraph will simply group advantages and disadvantages Advantages When looking at the political advantages, the paragraph will primarily focus on the statement that â€Å"over the past few decades, we have seen an urgency of most developing countries becoming steadily more integrated into the global economy†. ( Rudra, Jensen 2011) Disadvantages â€Å"The relationship between globalisation and natural resources is of immediate interest to political science: It has been evident that there are serve consequences for distribution of power. Not only could leaders in resource rich nations such as Libya, Venezuela, and Iran be emboldened by their control over these Increasingly coveted resources subsequently leading to their dictatorship, but as well resource dependent countries find it a problem to expand their global economic power and maintain domestic level of stability(Rudra, Jensen 2011) Direct quotations â€Å"Due to the acceleration of global economic activity, there has been a significant amount of pressure on natural resources† (Rudra, Jensen 2011) Conclusion In Conclusion I reiterate that I am in support of globalisation, and believe that overall it has a positive effect on the globe. I disagree with general implication that globalization solely benefits a country from a economical stand point. Though globalisation can be seen detrimental to a large extent, it causes more good than it does harm.